Plagiarism Policy

Originality Requirement

Submitted manuscripts must be original and properly referenced. Plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data fabrication, image manipulation and duplicate submission are not acceptable.

Similarity Screening

The editorial office may use plagiarism detection tools to review manuscripts. A low similarity score does not automatically guarantee acceptance; editors will review whether matched text is properly cited and ethically acceptable.

Editorial Action

Manuscripts with unacceptable similarity, copied text, uncredited data or duplicate publication may be returned for correction, rejected, withdrawn or retracted after publication.

Author Responsibility

Authors should check the manuscript before submission, cite all sources accurately and ensure that reused material has permission where required.